Este artículo presenta un estudio descriptivo, cuyo propósito es determinar si el comportamiento rítmico del habla en lectura en voz alta de personas profesionales de ocho ciudades diferentes de Chile coincide con la clasificación dada históricamente al español como lengua de ritmo silábico, clasificación que además en general se extiende a todas las lenguas romances. Varios estudios tradicionales afirman que el español es una lengua de tendencia hacia el ritmo silábico, no obstante, también existen otros trabajos, antiguos y recientes, que (...) afirman lo contrario, esto es, que el español manifiesta un comportamiento rítmico de tipo acentual. Hasta el momento, no se ha realizado un estudio de este tipo sobre este tema para el español de Chile. En el presente trabajo, se analiza un corpus de lecturas obtenidas de una muestra de 30 informantes de distintas regiones del país. El análisis se realiza con procedimientos de medición instrumental que entregan indicadores cuantitativos que han sido propuestos recientemente en el ámbito de la investigación sobre prosodia y que le otorgan, además, mayor precisión y objetividad a los estudios acerca de este tema. Los resultados muestran que en el español de Chile, en la lectura en voz alta, se manifiesta una tendencia rítmica de tipo silábico, aunque comparativamente tiende a ser más acentual que los valores que se han dado para el español peninsular. En cuanto a la variación del español de Chile por zona geográfica, las diferencias son tan pequeñas que no es posible afirmar que la variable diatópica influye en el comportamiento rítmico del español de Chile, en situación de lectura. (shrink)

Este estudio presenta los resultados de un análisis acústico-estadístico de las consonantes fricativas labiodentales e interdentales sonoras y áfonas del mapudungun hablado en Alto Biobío. El propósito de la presente investigación fue determinar si parámetros acústicos espectrales, parámetros de duración y parámetros de amplitud permiten distinguir el punto de articulación y la sonoridad de estos sonidos. Los resultados indicaron que los momentos espectrales, la duración, la amplitud absoluta y la amplitud normalizada permiten diferenciar entre las fricativas sonoras y áfonas; mientras (...) que la varianza, la duración y la amplitud normalizada permiten distinguir las consonantes labiodentales de las interdentales. Sin embargo, la capacidad que la varianza y la duración absoluta muestran para distinguir entre las consonantes sonoras y las áfonas se restringe a las consonantes labiodentales cuando se considera la interacción entre sonoridad con el punto de articulación y sexo del participante. Estos resultados son discutidos a la luz de la literatura sobre la utilidad de este tipo de mediciones acústicas para capturar contrastes de modo, punto y sonoridad, y en vista del estado del arte sobre las características del sistema fonético y fonológico de esta variedad del mapudungun. (shrink)

Retraction note: Figueroa Mendoza, M., & Olivares González, C. (2022). Drought: A current problema and its treatment in the chilean legal order. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities / Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 12(6), 2–15. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v11.4100 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that (...) the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

El objetivo de este trabajo será responder si las potestades de la DGA son idóneas para paliar los efectos de la sequía, a través de tres secciones: primera, Identificación de la sequía como fenómeno fáctico multifactorial y su tratamiento en el CAg; segunda, revisión de las potestades de la DGA de acuerdo al artículo 314 CAg; tercera, revisión de la normativa que incorpora el usos prioritario del aguas y derecho humano al agua, cuya metodología será principalmente descriptiva, a través del (...) método dogmático basado en la legislación y la doctrina, igualmente el método exegético para establecer el sentido de conceptos técnicos. (shrink)

The development and deployment of chatbot technology, while spanning decades and employing different techniques, require innovative frameworks to understand and interrogate their functionality and implications. A mere technocentric account of the evolution of chatbot technology does not fully illuminate how conversational systems are embedded in societal dynamics. This study presents a structured examination of chatbots across three societal dimensions, highlighting their roles as objects of scientific research, commercial instruments, and agents of intimate interaction. Through furnishing a dimensional framework for the (...) evolution of conversational systems — from laboratories to marketplaces to private lives— this article contributes to the wider scholarly inquiry of chatbot technology and its impact in lived human experiences and dynamics. (shrink)

The socialism that spread globally after the Russian Revolution of 1917 emerged as a radical political avant-garde in Latin America. In Peru's case, this strain of the avant-garde was not only a literary and artistic movement but also a set of cultural and political practices, the goal of which was the articulation of socialist dreamworlds for a modern nation. In the 1920s, these dreamworlds consisted of alternative utopian narratives to capitalism that envisioned the indio as the modern subject who would (...) reconfigure ideas of community in the country. This article analyzes the utopian narratives of José Carlos Mariátegui, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, and Luis E. Valcárcel, who initially shared many ideals but ultimately took different paths. This study identifies which utopian narrative finally prevailed and their legacy as a blueprint for future ways of thinking about social justice and community in Peru. (shrink)

Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left is the first English rendition of Ernst Bloch's thought-provoking monograph dedicated to the thought of Ibn Sīnā, the prominent eleventh-century Persian polymath. Published in 2019 by Columbia University Press as part of the New Directions in Critical Theory series, it joins a growing list of translations that goes back to the 1966 Spanish version by Jorge Deike Robles and, more recently, to Claude Maillard's and Nicola Allesandrini's French and Italian renditions, respectively. This new English edition (...) is based on Bloch's final version of the essay--a revised version of the original 1952 text, later incorporated as an... (shrink)

Jose Marti contributed greatly to Cuba's struggle for independence from Spain with words as well as revolutionary action. Although he died before the formation of an independent republic, he has since been hailed as a heroic martyr inspiring Cuban republican traditions.

The US neutrino community gathered at the Workshop on the Intermediate Neutrino Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory February 4-6, 2015 to explore opportunities in neutrino physics over the next five to ten years. Scientists from particle, astroparticle and nuclear physics participated in the workshop. The workshop examined promising opportunities for neutrino physics in the intermediate term, including possible new small to mid-scale experiments, US contributions to large experiments, upgrades to existing experiments, R&D plans and theory. The workshop was organized into (...) two sets of parallel working group sessions, divided by physics topics and technology. Physics working groups covered topics on Sterile Neutrinos, Neutrino Mixing, Neutrino Interactions, Neutrino Properties and Astrophysical Neutrinos. Technology sessions were organized into Theory, Short-Baseline Accelerator Neutrinos, Reactor Neutrinos, Detector R&D and Source, Cyclotron and Meson Decay at Rest sessions.This report summarizes discussion and conclusions from the workshop. (shrink)

Background Neuroscientific approaches have historically triggered changes in the conception of creativity and artistic experience, which can be revealed by noting the intersection of these fields of study in terms of variables such as global trends, methodologies, objects of study, or application of new technologies; however, these neuroscientific approaches are still often considered as disciplines detached from the arts and humanities. In this light, the question arises as to what evidence the history of neurotechnologies provides at the intersection of creativity (...) and aesthetic experience. Methods We conducted a century-long bibliometric analysis of key parameters in multidisciplinary studies published in the Scopus database. Screening techniques based on the PRISMA method and advanced data analysis techniques were applied to 3612 documents metadata from the years 1922 to 2022. We made graphical representations of the results applying algorithmic and clusterization processes to keywords and authors relationships. Results From the analyses, we found a) a shift from a personality-focus quantitative analysis to a field-focus qualitative approach, considering topics such as art, perception, aesthetics and beauty; b) The locus of interest in fMRI-supported neuroanatomy has been shifting toward EEG technologies and models based on machine learning and deep learning in recent years; c) four main clusters were identified in the study approaches: humanistic, creative, neuroaesthetic and medical; d) the neuroaesthetics cluster is the most central and relevant, mediating between creativity and neuroscience; e) neuroaesthetics and neuroethics are two of the neologism that better characterizes the challenges that this convergence of studies will have in the next years. Conclusions Through a longitudinal analysis, we evidenced the great influence that neuroscience is having on the thematic direction of the arts and humanities. The perspective presented shows how this field is being consolidated and helps to define it as a new opportunity of great potential for future researchers. (shrink)

Although the majority of literature has shown undistinguishable attentional effects when eye-gaze and arrows are used as cues, recent research has found that whereas eye-gaze selectively orient attention to the specific location or part of the object looked at, arrows unselectively direct attention towards parts of the environment. However, it is unclear whether this dissociation between gaze and arrow cues is related to social cognitive mechanisms such as the attribution of mental states (Theory of Mind, ToM). We aimed at replicating (...) the dissociation between gaze and arrow cues and investigating sex differences in attentional object selection triggered by these two types of stimuli. While we replicated the arrow-gaze dissociation, this was equivalent in the male and female population. This finding seems to run counter the intuition that theory of mind abilities can account for the dissociation observed between gaze and arrow cues since greater ToM abilities have been generally shown in females. However, this conclusion it must be interpreted with caution since no differences in ToM abilities and autistic quotient scores were observed between male and female in our sample. Further research is needed to shed light on this issue. (shrink)

The institutions we create shape many of the activities we engage insofar as they are pervasive entities in our society. In an era full of new technologies, including the semantic web, there is a movement toward sound conceptual modeling for socio-technical solutions applied to government institutions. To develop these complex solutions, one needs to deepen the ontological status of entities in the institutional domain, because literature is full of ambiguous and ad-hoc hypotheses about distinctions between public and private corporations. We (...) believe we can find better explanations for such distinctions in the interdisciplinary field of library a information science. Within an ongoing semantic web project, we focus on a study case of official documents. First, we analyze theories about public and private corporations, seeking a reliable on‘tological distinction between them; then, by focusing on documents produced by each type of corporation, we hope to provide a well-founded analysis. Second, we adopt the aforementioned theories and the new analysis as recommendations for the improvement for the access and understanding of public documents, through appropriate classification of them within government information systems. This project, ultimately, aims to maximize the transparency of public government documents by favoring retrieval and comprehension by a society with plenty of automated information systems. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo revisa los discursos de viaje dentro de dos relatos escritos por mujeres durante el período imperialista del fin de siècle, quienes viajaron por espacios marginales a la modernidad. La primera autora es Florence Dixie, noble inglesa que escribe su relato de viaje a la Patagonia durante 1879, mientras que Iris, mujer igualmente aristócrata y chilena, escribe su periplo realizado por el lago Ranco en 1910. Independiente de la nacionalidad de origen de estas mujeres y sus diferencias personales, (...) en tanto el rol jugado por ellas en el grupo de expedición, ambas escritoras viajeras son depositarias de una mirada imperial, que se vuelca en la manera que se internan narrativamente por los espacios explorados.The article reviews the journey discourses in two narratives written by two women during the imperialist period of the fin de siècle, who traveled through marginal spaces to modernity. The first author is Florence Dixie, an English noblewoman who writes her travelogue to Patagonia during 1879, while Iris, an equally aristocratic, and Chilean woman, writes her journey made through Ranco lake in 1910. Independent of nationality of origin of these women and their personal differences, as long as the role played by them in the expedition group, both traveling writers are repositories of an imperial gaze, that shows in the way they go into theirs narrative through the spaces explored. (shrink)

By weakening an inference rule satisfied by logic daC, we define a new paraconsistent logic, which is weaker than logic \ and G′ 3, enjoys properties presented in daC like the substitution theorem, and possesses a strong negation which makes it suitable to express intutionism. Besides, daC ' helps to understand the relationships among other logics, in particular daC, \ and PH1.

Law search is fundamental to legal reasoning and its articulation is an important challenge and open problem in the ongoing efforts to investigate legal reasoning as a formal process. This Article formulates a mathematical model that frames the behavioral and cognitive framework of law search as a sequential decision process. The model has two components: first, a model of the legal corpus as a search space and second, a model of the search process that is compatible with that environment. The (...) search space has the structure of a “multi-network”—an interleaved structure of distinct networks—developed in earlier work. In this Article, we develop and formally describe three related models of the search process. We then implement these models on a subset of the corpus of U.S. Supreme Court opinions and assess their performance against two benchmark prediction tasks. The first is to predict the citations in a document from its semantic content. The second is to predict the search results generated by human users. For both benchmarks, all search models outperform a null model with the learning-based model outperforming the other approaches. Our results indicate that through additional work and refinement, there may be the potential for machine law search to achieve human or near-human levels of performance. (shrink)

En los estudios actuales sobre producción de conocimiento científico predomina la tendencia a analizar la producción de conocimiento científico por medio de su estructura relacional, dejando en un segundo plano el análisis de las capacidades de los científicos que inciden en los procesos de investigación. En este trabajo queremos argumentar en favor de una dirección diferente. Concretamente, defendemos que los científicos y sus capacidades -operativamente comprendidas- son una condición indispensable para la producción de conocimiento. Para defender esta posición, en primer (...) lugar, expondremos dos teorías representativas de esta tendencia para posteriormente mostrar sus limitaciones a la hora de analizar las relaciones y entramados que posibilitan producir conocimiento y examinan el resultado de esas relaciones, pero son incapaces de explicar cuál es rol que desempeñan los científicos y sus capacidades dentro del mismo. Dada esta situación, en segundo lugar, proponemos una caracterización operativa de los científicos y sus capacidades en la producción de conocimiento científico. Esta caracterización la desarrollaremos tomando como base la teoría de los sistemas experimentales de Rheinberger. A partir de ella, propondremos una interpretación propia de unas indicaciones hechas por Rheinberger sobre las capacidades científicas y su relación concreta con los sistemas experimentales. Esta interpretación destaca cómo las operaciones y conocimientos no temáticos inciden en el reconocimiento de anomalías y posibilitan intervenciones concretas en el sistema experimental, permitiendo de esta manera la producción de conocimiento. (shrink)

Why is it so difficult to achieve universal health coverage in the United States? First and foremost, as Richard Kirsch points out in his book, Fighting for Our Health, health care is deeply personal. Since most people in the United States have health insurance, efforts to modify the system understandably cause a certain amount of unease regarding how changes could impact their access to trusted doctors or necessary care.

O presente texto é a tradução para o português brasileiro do artigo “Algorithmic Catastrophe — The Revenge of Contingency”, do filósofo chinês Yuk Hui (2015), professor na City University of Hong Kong, criador dos conceitos de “tecnodiversidade” e “cosmotécnica” e autor de livros como The Question Concerning Technology in China (2016) e Recursivity and Contingency (2019). O presente artigo, cedido generosamente pelo autor para tradução sob licença CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, originalmente fazia parte de uma edição especial da revista Parrhesia dedicada (...) ao filósofo francês Bernard Stiegler (in memoriam), antigo orientador de doutorado do autor e uma das peças centrais na composição deste texto. (shrink)

The present paper analyses the topic of scientific discovery and the problem of the existence of a logical framework involved in such endeavour. We inquire how several non-monotonic logic frameworks and other formalisms can account for such a task. In the same vein, we analyse some key aspects of the historical and theoretical debate surrounding scientific discovery, in particular, the context of discovery and context of justification context distinction. We present an argument concerning the weakening of the discovery/justification context dichotomy (...) based on the descriptive accent contained in the non-monotonic logic perspective together with its epistemological concerns. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo a seguir tem como objetivo expor o pensamento hermenêutico de Friedrich Schleiermacher, levando em conta o contexto germinativo fértil de sua obra e sua influente posição filosófica, no âmbito do “primeiro romantismo alemão”. Schleiermacher renuncia a um importante fundamento transcendental a-histórico, em favor de uma compreensão situada, a qual se configura através do diálogo. A hipótese central deste artigo alerta que o desenvolvimento paralelo e sistemático das lições sobre ética, dialética e hermenêutica, em Schleiermacher, não é mera (...) coincidência, muito menos um sintoma isolado, senão que revela um projeto de caráter orgânico. Por um lado, será examinado - à luz de seus textos - o papel da linguagem como variável histórica e social para a compreensão e, por outro, algumas reflexões sobre as novas possibilidades de seu método hermenêutico e suas implicações, para a reflexão filosófica contemporânea.: The following article aims to expose the hermeneutic thought by Friedrich Schleiermacher, considering the fertile germinal context of his work and his influential philosophical position within the framework of “early romanticism”. Schleiermacher renounces an ahistorical transcendental foundation in favor of a situated understanding, which is configured through dialog. The central hypothesis of this article warns that the parallel and systematic development of the lessons on ethics, dialectics and hermeneutics in Schleiermacher is not a mere coincidence, much less an isolated symptom, but reveals a project of an organic nature. On the one hand, it is examined -in the light of their texts- the role of language as a historical and social variable for understanding and, on the other hand, some reflections on the new possibilities of his hermeneutical method and its consequences for contemporary philosophical reflection. (shrink)

In this article we explore multiple change operators, i.e., operators in which the epistemic input is a set of sentences instead of a single sentence. We propose two types of change: prioritized change, in which the input set is fully accepted, and symmetric change, where both the epistemic state and the epistemic input are equally treated. In both kinds of operators we propose a set of postulates and we present different constructions: kernel changes and partial meet changes.

En este artículo se analiza una recreación quijotesca en la novela de Graham Greene Monseñor Quijote. Para ello se utilizan dos términos procedentes del Derecho romano: los conceptos de autoridad y poder. En esta obra de Greene, la autoridad surge de los libros o de autores de libros, cuya lectura permite que la vida siga teniendo sentido. En Greene encontramos la estrategia de lectura conocida como las sortes virgilianae que permite a los personajes orientarse en las dificultades diarias. Sin embargo, (...) el poder está caracterizado por su condición iletrada, la ausencia de libros y su ignorancia. In this article a novel by Graham Greene entitled Monsignor Quixote is analysed, a book that involves a recreation of the novel by Cervantes. The author of this article employs two concepts from Roman law: authority and power in his analysis. In this work by Greene, authority arises from the books or the book writers, whose reading allows life to keep making sense. In Greene, a strategy of reading known as the sortes virgilianae is found and this allows the characters to get their bearings in the daily difficulties. However, power is described as illiterate, the absence of books and ignorance. (shrink)

Depersonalization is characterised by a profound disruption of self-awareness mainly characterised by feelings of disembodiment and subjective emotional numbing.It has been proposed that depersonalization is caused by a fronto-limbic suppressive mechanism – presumably mediated via attention – which manifests subjectively as emotional numbing, and disables the process by which perception and cognition normally become emotionally coloured, giving rise to a subjective feeling of ‘unreality’.Our functional neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies support the above model and indicate that, compared with normal and clinical (...) controls, DPD patients show increased prefrontal activation as well as reduced activation in insula/limbic-related areas to aversive, arousing emotional stimuli.Although a putative inhibitory mechanism on emotional processing might account for the emotional numbing and characteristic perceptual detachment, it is likely, as suggested by some studies, that parietal mechanisms underpin feelings of disembodiment and lack of agency feelings. (shrink)

In the region of Asia Minor and above all in Smyrna up to the third and fourth centuries the tension between Jews and Christians is palpable. In the Martyrdom of Polycarp and in the Martyrdom of Pionius, it is clear that the social ascendency of Judaism in Smyrna was exploited on various occasions until it became a co-protagonist in the persecution against the Christians. Despite the gradual separation and differentiation between Jews and Christians, both the New Testament and subsequent Christian (...) literature in Smyrna report that no self-understanding of Christianity in relation to its deepest roots escaped its necessary confrontation with Judaism. (shrink)

This paper is divided in two parts. In part I, I argue against two attempts to naturalise the notion of scientific representation, by reducing it to isomorphism and similarity. I distinguish between the means and the constituents of representation, and I argue that isomorphism and similarity are common means of representation; but that they are not constituents of scientific representation. I look at the prospects for weakened versions of these theories, and I argue that only those that abandon the aim (...) to naturalise scientific representation are likely to be successful. In part II of the paper, I present a deflationary conception of scientific representation, which minimally characterises it by means of two necessary conditions: representation is essentially intentional and it has the capacity to allow surrogate reasoning and inference. I then defend this conception by showing that it successfully meets the objections and difficulties that make its competitors, such as isomorphism and similarity, untenable. In addition the inferential conception explains the success of various means of representation in their appropriate domains, and it sheds light on the truth and accuracy of scientific representations. (shrink)

The role of academic satisfaction on persistence and successful academic behavior has been the focus of research for decades. Nevertheless, driven by positive educational psychology, subjective well-being has been highlighted as another central feature in the academic path of students. Studies aimed at identifying the variables that contribute to explain different aspects of academic performance have been widely investigated, although studies aimed at identifying the determinants of subjective well-being are still limited. The present paper examined the contribution of AS judgments (...) on subjective well-being. To this end, it was hypothesized that SWB levels depend on the balance between positive/negative emotions and life satisfaction judgments. Furthermore, it was stipulated that AS has an indirect contribution on SWB, through life satisfaction, whereas the balance of emotions influences both AS judgments and life satisfaction. Using an analysis strategy based on structural equation modeling, the results indicated that the model fitted satisfactorily, explaining 32% of the variance of SWB. Particularly, it was observed that AS judgments contributed to life satisfaction judgments. Although no direct contribution of AS on SWB was reported, a total contribution partially mediated by life satisfaction judgments was revealed. These findings support the importance of academic satisfaction judgments, not only because of their importance in academic terms, but also because of their impact on university students’ subjective well-being and health. (shrink)

ResumoEm que medida a proposta de uma nova ética para a civilização tecnológica, elaborada por Hans Jonas, possuiria o condão de convocar os cientistas para o efetivo exercício de sua responsabilidade perante à natureza ameaçada? O esclarecimento, que sua obra pretende levar a termo a respeito dos crescentes perigos associados ao progresso técnico-científico, não procura fundamentalmente refrear, em caráter emergencial, a cega compulsão de aplicação tecnológica, com os perversos efeitos associados à tecnolo gização e à mercantilização da ciência em nossos (...) dias? Com efeito, sua crítica da ideologia legitimadora do progresso tecnocientífico procura, em última instância, debelar o processo compulsivo de aplicações tecnológicas, considerado perverso em si mesmo, não se permitindo considerar de que outra forma o progresso tecnocientífico poderia vir a desenvolver-se, de modo a tornar-se efetivamente capaz de atender valores humanos, sociais e ambientais. A partir da explicitação dos impasses a que conduz a proposta de Jonas, respaldamo-nos nos estudos de Hugh Lacey para apresentar uma forma alternativa de estru turação das atividades científicas. Visando suplantar esses impasses, procuramos investigar em que medida o desejável acolhimento de valores morais, sociais e ambientais, por parte das práticas científicas e tecnológicas vigentes, poderia estar conjugado com uma experiência propriamente estética capaz de propiciar a abertura à alteridade e o acolhimento de valores alheios. A investigação do concurso de uma experiência deste teor é realizada à luz de motivos de pensamento presentes nas obras de Theodor Adorno e Herbert Marcuse.To what extent does the proposed new ethics for technological civilization, developed by Hans Jonas, have the power to convene scientists for the effective exercise of their responsibility to nature that is under threat? Does not the clarification, which his work is intended to further about the growing dangers associated with technical and scientific progress, seek basically to restrain, as a matter of emergency, the blind technological compulsion that leads to the perverse effects associated with technologizing and commercializing science today? Indeed, his critique of the legitimating ideology of techno-scientific progress ultimately intends to overcome the compulsive process of technological application, considered perverse in itself, that does not allow that other forms of techno-scientific progress could be developed that would become able to attend effectively to human, social and environmental values. Starting from the explanation of the impasses to which Jonas' proposal leads, we based ourselves on studies of Hugh Lacey in order to present an alternative way of structuring scientific activities. Aiming to overcome these impas ses, we investigate to what extent the desired attention to moral, social and environmental values by current scientific and technological practices could be connected to an aesthetic experience that is able to provide openness to otherness and the reception of foreign values. Investigating the contribution of an experience of this kind is conducted in the light of thought motifs of Theodor Adorno and Herbert Marcuse. (shrink)

This paper describes a scenario-based methodology called the NeOn Methodology framework. The aim of this framework is to speed up the construction of ontologies and ontology networks by reu...

The article turns to Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of state capitalism and their theorization of money and debt in their critique of capitalism to develop an analysis of the governmental management of the current crisis determined by ordo- and neoliberalism. The paper argues that analyses which fail to properly recognize the power of capital to determine both state apparatuses and economic policy thereby fail to grasp the real functioning of money, debt and the Euro in the crisis and end up (...) unwittingly supporting liberalism. This is true of positions such as heterodox theory that, though critical of conventional and neoliberal political economy, nevertheless continue to uphold the state as an independent or mediating mechanism in relation to the power of capital. The neglect of the role which money plays in the strategies of capital to control both the creation of value and the functioning of the state is to be found even in Foucault’s genealogy of neoliberalism, a neglect which undermines his analysis of power. The paper highlights the implications of the standpoint of state capitalism for a more incisive analysis of the current crisis that reveals what is at stake for political struggles. (shrink)

El auge de los populismos de extrema derecha en el último tiempo amerita una indagación acerca de las características de la ideología reaccionaria. Una forma de aproximarse a esta es a través del pensamiento de sus principales autores. Nicolás Gómez Dávila es el mejor representante del pensamiento reaccionario en la filosofía latinoamericana, de modo que, a partir del análisis de algunos de sus escritos y siguiendo la propuesta de Richard Shorten para identificar lo reaccionario con base en tres pilares retóricos: (...) decadencia (_logos_), conspiración (_ethos_) e indignación (_pathos_), este artículo enfatiza algunas características propias de la ideología reaccionaria que la distinguen del conservadurismo, ilustrando esas diferencias con la retórica de algunos líderes reaccionarios que antecedieron a Nicolás Gómez Dávila en la Colombia del siglo XX. (shrink)

I analyse critically what I regard as the most accomplished empiricist account of propensities, namely the long run propensity theory developed by Donald Gillies . Empiricist accounts are distinguished by their commitment to the ‘identity thesis’: the identification of propensities and objective probabilities. These theories are intended, in the tradition of Karl Popper’s influential proposal, to provide an interpretation of probability that renders probability statements directly testable by experiment. I argue that the commitment to the identity thesis leaves empiricist theories, (...) including Gillies’ version, vulnerable to a variant of what is known as Humphreys’ paradox. I suggest that the tension may be resolved only by abandoning the identity thesis, and by adopting instead an understanding of propensities as explanatory properties of chancy objects. (shrink)